The technology, published in Advanced Materials, could also help test new medications tailored to patients with specific health conditions.

Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of mortality in Australia, with one person losing their life from heart disease approximately every 12 minutes.

Although there are well established diagnosis methods for cardiovascular diseases, there is no method to predict early events that lead to blood clots in carotid arteries.

“We’re not just printing blood vessels—we’re printing hope for millions at risk of stroke worldwide. With continued support and collaboration, we aim to make personalized vascular medicine accessible to every patient who needs it,” said Ph.D. candidate Charles Zhao from the School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering.