When it comes to haptic feedback, most technologies are limited to simple vibrations. But our skin is loaded with tiny sensors that detect pressure, vibration, stretching and more.

Now, Northwestern University engineers have unveiled a new technology that creates precise movements to mimic these complex sensations.

While sitting on the skin, the compact, lightweight, wireless device applies force in any direction to generate a variety of sensations, including vibrations, stretching, pressure, sliding and twisting. The device, detailed in a study published in the journal Science, also can combine sensations and operate fast or slow to simulate a more nuanced, realistic sense of touch.

Powered by a small rechargeable battery, the device uses Bluetooth to wirelessly connect to virtual reality headsets and smartphones. It also is small and efficient, so it could be placed anywhere on the body, combined with other actuators in arrays or integrated into current wearable electronics.