But new research shows that decline may not be as fixed as once thought. In a study published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, a team at Texas A&M University developed a nasal spray that reduced brain inflammation, restored cellular function, and improved memory in aging models, all within weeks. The treatment delivers microscopic biological particles directly into the brain, where they help reset processes linked to cognitive decline.

“Brain age-related diseases like dementia are a major health concern worldwide. What we’re showing is brain aging can be reversed, to help people stay mentally sharp, socially engaged and free from age-related decline,” said lead researcher Ashok Shetty in a press release.