Blood and gene tests predict Alzheimer’s symptoms three to six years ahead

Columbia University researchers have identified a way to help predict when people at high risk of developing Alzheimer's are likely to develop their first symptoms, a finding that could help physicians decide when to prescribe preventive treatments currently in development.

The study, published Sept. 9 in The Lancet Neurology, analyzed data from roughly 8,500 participants from different ethnic backgrounds. It found that combining two Alzheimer’s tests—a blood test that measures a biomarker known as p-tau217 and a genetic test that looks for a high-risk variant of the APOE gene—can predict symptom onset in people who are not currently experiencing symptoms.

Once p-tau217 levels become elevated, the study found, people with one or more copies of the high-risk APOE4 gene are likely to develop symptoms in 3–4 years, while people with other APOE variants are likely to develop symptoms in 5–6 years.

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