In 2025, Muller and his team met a 47-year-old female patient with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells.

In addition to AIHA, she had been diagnosed with two other autoimmune diseases with nearly opposing symptoms. She had immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)—a disorder that caused her dysregulated immune system to destroy her platelets, increasing the risk of bleeding—and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome—a disease that raises the risk of dangerous blood clots in her vessels.