Prostate cancer: Specialized imaging could prevent unnecessary biopsies

An elevated PSA level in the blood may indicate prostate cancer but does not allow for a definitive diagnosis. Where there is a corresponding suspicion, a tissue sample is usually taken from the prostate. A study by the Medical University of Vienna now shows that a specialized form of imaging—known as PSMA-PET/CT—could provide important additional information even before such a biopsy is carried out.

In an analysis of 194 patients, the method detected 91% of clinically relevant prostate cancers. The findings of the research team, led by Marcus Hacker, head of the Division of Nuclear Medicine at the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, were published in the inaugural issue of the new journal The Lancet Medical Imaging & Theranostics.

PSMA-PET/CT combines two imaging techniques. In positron emission tomography (PET), a small amount of a radioactively labeled substance is administered, which binds specifically to the so-called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This protein is particularly abundant on prostate cancer cells. This enables suspicious areas to be visualized. The computed tomography (CT) scan, carried out simultaneously, provides precise images of the body’s structures and enables these areas to be anatomically localized.

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