Vitamin A metabolite keeps immune cells active against recurrent brain tumors

Immune cells can become exhausted after prolonged exposure to cancer, gradually losing their ability to attack tumor cells. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in aggressive brain tumors and can severely limit the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

A KAIST research team led by Professor Heung Kyu Lee from the Department of Biological Sciences, in collaboration with researchers from Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and Konyang University College of Medicine, has found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active vitamin A metabolite, suppresses the “terminal exhaustion” of CD8⁺ T cells that attack cancer cells within brain tumors and enhances the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Anti-PD-1 is a leading immuno-oncology drug (immune checkpoint inhibitor).

The research is published in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.

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